Bellringer 4-25-12

1. Transportation and Communication had a great impact on the Industrial Revolution. First of all, with the steam engine, you cuold move from place to place, and you could send items faster. Also, you didn't have to travel somewhere to send someone a message, and ideas were sent away faster.

2. Women and children also changed their lifestyles in the industrial revolution. Mainly, they started to get employed in jobs. They were given jobs becase the factory owners thought it was to expensive to offer skilled workers a job. Women and children didn't expect much, so tehy were hired.

3. Methods of production changed the revolution when the assembly line was made. With this, they could hire someone to learn one thing. Also, they can mass produce items and make more money.

4. The increase if machinery usage affected workers in that, it made jobs easier for them. However, it was dangerous for the children to clean the machines.

5. The textile industry brought forth many inventions. One of the inventions was the cotten gin, which was made to produce cotton for clothing. Also, people started to realize that they could sell the clothes to make money.

4-24-12 Bellringer

I feel that video games don't have much of an effect on the lives of people. As stated in the article, there are a lot of people who play games like these, and don't even think about killing people. Also, other games don't play any influence on people's lives. For instance, if you play farmville on facebook, you most likely don't farm. So this means that all games, cannot make people act in their life. Also, there isn't very much evidence that suport the fact that games cause people to act differently.

4-12-12 Bellringer

One invention that I do not think that I can live without during the Industrial Revolution is the plow. So much of our food outcome is from farms. Without the use of the plow, it would take a lot more people and time to produce more food. Without the plow, we would have a higher rate of people who do not have food. For these reasons, I feel as if the plow is the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution.

Bellringer 4-16-12

I would say that the most important invention is the plow because it took days of working time, and transformed it into a few hours. Also, fewer people were needed to produce goods, and work the machines. Finally, it also produced more goods because it was able to produce them faster.

4-11-12 Aggricultural Revolution

The revolution in agriculture quickly pushed into a revolution in industry. It turned from an agricultural society, to an industrial society. Factories were expanded. Industry has improved the factories by mass producing items faster. Now that that happened, people no longer needed to make things by hand. Now, one person could control one part of the factory. Apprentinceship was stopped, and training time was cut in half. The pay was no longer based on quanity, but instead was payed by the hour. Before that, men worked the most, but with the factories, women and children started to work. They did this so they could pay less because kids expect less than men.

Agricultural Revolution Notes

Gang Plow- The gang plow was invented by John Deere in the 1870's. It was mostly made from steel. It generally had 12-14 blades.

Spring Tooth Harrow- The Spring Tooth Harrow refers to a soil cultivator. It was invented by David L. Carter. It can smooth and and losen the soil.

Flying Shuttle. The flying shuttle was patented in 1733. It was invented by John K. It was boat shaped, and that was where the yarn was attatched and passed through.

Mold Board Plow- This invention was made to flip over the rich soil. It was so farmers could always have fresh soil. It also provided better germination.

Corn Picker- This was made in 1850. It was invented by Edwin Quincey. It was made so you can pick corn, with less people. Nowadays, it picks corn, and seperates them from the stalk.

Grain Elevator- It was a tower the elevated grain and moves it. It was earlier made from wood, but was reinforced with steel. In three years, the barrel's capacity had doubled.

Combine- The combine was invented by Hirum More in 1834. It was first pulled by horses. It was made to shake grain from straw.

Cotton Gin- It was invented in 1793 by Eli Whittney. It was made to seperate cotton from the seeds. It was possible so that 50 pounds could be cleaned in a day.

Notes on European Industrial and Agricultural Revolution

Great Britain- England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Whales.
At the time, in the 1600's, subsistence farming was the main industry. Subsistence Farming is farming only what your family needs. Instead of one big field to one crop, they would break it up and grow many different crops in the different fields.They would grow what they thought was enough until the next summer. Towards the middle to end of the 1600's there was the enclosure movement, which was a movement where England fenced all off the public, or common, ground off. With that movement, the citizens with smaller family, their farms were taken, and enclosed in larger landowners.People soon had to become tenant farmers, and if you couldn't find work as a tenant farmer, were forced to move to the city. Once people moved into the city with bigger farms, farmers are getting more crops, who are looking for efficiency. Jethro Tull was concerned about the amount of seed that was wasted by hand seeding. He invented the seed drill. With this machine, you could plant in a straight row, and make harvest easier. With this, they went into crop rotation, where you rotate the crops into different sections of a field because each of the crops require different nutrients. After the crop rotation, they continue to advance, like using a metal plow over a wooden plow. Metal, for one reason, is that it is stronger, and last longer. Also a replaceable plow was invented, so you can replace just the blades.

People went to the cities to find work, but, at that time, there was no work. But Great Britain, because of factors of production, rented themselves to lead the industrial revolution. They had a lot of natural resources. Coal and iron ore were two huge natural resources at that time. Also there was a lot of open land because there was no work and you can't farm in cities.

Factors of production are- land, workers, and natural resources. Another natural resource they had were rivers. It was important for food, transportation, and energy. They built factories by the river with a mill in it, so the water could move a wheel. However, it could flood, and there could be a drought. Rivers were crucial to the spread of the industrial revolution.

The textile industry, or clothes industry, found a different way to make clothes. Instead of making clothes by hand, mechanization occurred, and textiles were beginning to be made by machines. The machine could make clothes faster than people. Machine's advantage was that it could constantly run, while people need a break every so often.

The thread loom, could take textiles and make long sheets of cloth. Continuously, it began to get better. With the advantage of mechanics and the factory system, the steam engine was created. We could now power factories, boats, and trains, without the use of running water. Since we can transport quickly, so did communication.

Notes on People 2

Aretmisia Gentileschi- She was an Italian Baroque painter. She was born July 8, 1593 in Rome. She is considered one of the most accomplished painters of her time. She was the first female painter to be a member of a famous painting group. She died in 1682. Painted picstures of strong women including a self portrait.

Sir Thomas More- He was born on Feb 7, 1479, and died on july 8, 1535. He was known as an english lawyer. He wrote the Utopia.

Martin Luther- Born in 1483 and died in 1564. He was born into a German Catholic family. He wrote the 95 thesis, challenging the Cathoclic Church.

Prince Henry of Portugal- His nickname was Henry the navigator. He was the third child of king john, found a dynasty, Was responsible for trade. He established a center of navigation and exploraation.

Miguel De Cerbantes- He was born and was the son of a surgeon. Wrote Don Quixote.

Louis Laba- Born in the 1520's and was a ropemaker. Her mother had died when she was a child, and her father had her educated in Music and English. She wrote 24 sonnets and three allegies, that were concluded with 24 poems by other writers. Three other editions came out within a year. After 1556, she left lyon to live in the country. Author who incouraged women to write books.

Fillipo Brunoichelli. Renaissance architect and engeneer. Designed and built a dome for the Florence Cathedral.

Ambrose Pare- He was born in 1510 in France. In his youth, he was a surgeon's apprentice. During the war, he served for his country, and wrote Des Monstras, a book about sea devils, and marines. It was published in 1573, and his faith is unknown. He was one of the first people to know how to tie an artery. Invented Bandades.

Michelangelo- Painted the celining of the sistine chapel. \

Nicolaus Copernicus- Published the theory that the Earth was not the center of the universe.

Pieter Brueghel

Born in Brueghel,  He was a Flemish renaissance painter and printmaker. He was known for his landscapes and peasant scenes. He is sometimes referred to as Peasant Brueghel. Later, he switched to simpler art, rather than the Ialian style. One of his paintings are The Triumph of Death. He specailized in Genre Paintings. In 1559, he dropped the "h" from his name. He is, by far, the most important of his family. He was fascinated by hobgoblins, fires, and grotesque figures. He made his career in Antwerp.
He painted teh Peasant dance, a painting that relies on detail and realism.

Notes on the renaissance people....

Robert Hooke
He died on March 3, 1703. English natural philosopher, architect, polymath. He discovered the law of elasticy. He also developed the compound microscope.

Niccolo Machiavelli- He was born on May 3, 1469, in Florence. He wrote the Prince. He was a historian, sketchwriter, and biologist. Wrote a book called the prince.

John Calvin- Born on July 10th, 1509. He was born in Noyon France. His family sported the Roman Catholic Church. He attended the College Day March. During the next couple years, he lived under assumed names. Until 1541, he was sent away, and leter returned until his death in 1564.

Christopher Columbus- He was born in 1451 and died in 1556. He sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in search of Asia, but found America. In 1492, he discovered America.

Galiliei Galilei- He was considered to be the father of modern science. He followed Aristotle's practice. He demonstrated that the universe was made with persision, and its laws can be mathematical. His main contrrributions are the discreption of the solor system.

Johannes Gutenburg- He was born in 1395 in Germany. He started experimenting with printing. His famous book is a 42 line Bible. Invented the printing press.

Leonardo Da' Vinci- He painted the Last Supper, and The Mona Lisa. He was considered a renaissance man. He was born in 1852,( and invented and sketch early tanks and cars.)

William Shakepeare- Wrote the play Romeo and Juliet amoung others.

Andreas Vesalius- Published detailed descriptions of the human anatomy.

Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was his full name. He was Italian painter, sculptor, archetect, poem, and engineer. He was considered one of the greatest living painters of all time. One of his greatest acheivements was his painting of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. He is the first western artist who biography was published before he died. Born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese Tuscany, he was born into a family of bankers. Soon, the bank went bank bankrupt when his dad couldn't maintain the financial status. Soon, he decided to continue his career and be an artist. However rich I may have been, I have alwalys lived like a poor man.

Wife Project

      Catherine of Aragon was the youngest surviving child of Ferdinand and Isabella of spain. When she was sixteen, she made the travel to England. She married Arthur, the son of Henry VII, but died six months later.  Her daughters name was Mary. In 1533, he title queen was renounced to princess, dowager of Whales. Catherine and her daughter was seperated when she left court. On January 7th, 1536, Catherine died.

Chapter 15, section 2 notes...

Johannes Gutenburg, invented the printing press.

Erasmus- wrote The Praise of Folly.

Thomas more, was a writer, wrote Utopia, about the perfect government

Willaim Shakespear, wrote many classic plays.

The flemish were the first to paint with oil on canvas.

Notes answers on bottom

The renaissance

Renaissance means "rebirth"  It began in florence, italy, and the medici family practically started it. The medici family, specifically Lorenzo, helped start the renaissance.
During the era, it made them think about what they would study, and they travled back in history, and studied acient times. Those people were called Humanist. A humanst is a person who returned to the classics.

The artists-
The itailian artists, firstly relied on perspective, which made it realistic.
Micheangelo, is considered one of the greatest painter and sculptor. He is known for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He painted images from the Bible. One of his most famous scultpor is the peita, an image of teh Virign Mary, holding Jesus Chirst, after he was crucified. It is the only worked that he only signed. He signed it because he didn't think it was his best work, and he didn't want otehrs to get in trouble becasue of it.


Leonardo Da Vinci
Known as a renaissance man, he was a ggreat painter, scultpor, scientists, ect... One of his greatest paintings is the Mona Lisa. It is intriguing becasue we have no idea who the Mona lisa is. She is missing her eyebrows. His other famous painting is the last supper.

Rapheal- famous for his frsecos and his madonas.

Titian- famous for The Assumption of the Virgin.

Writers

Petriarch- known for his love peoms to Lora, an imaginary woman.

Niccolo Machiavelli- Florentine Writer- wrote The Prince- he poses more questions than answers.
His question was, Is it better to be loved than feared, or feared than loved.
As a  leader- Is it better to be loved than feared, or feared than loved.

1. As for the first part, I would rather be loved than feared because when you are loved, you will have a closer relationship with them. And when you have a closer relationship, you will always have someon that you feel close to, and that can never change.

2. However, as a leader, I would rather be feared becasue then you will know that your followers would be loyal to you, even if it is only because they are scared of you. It also helps you control your followers to do what you want, whether it be a command, or a law.

Renaissance Person 1st Account

      I, Dante Alighieri, am entering the late part of my life, so I thought that it would be a good idea to reminisce on the early stage of my life. First, I will take you through my childhood. Next, I will explain all of the postive actions I have displayed. Finally, I will explain how I've have gotten to this point of illness.
      When I was born, I was born into a Florentine family, with noble ancestery. When I was just seven years old, my mother, Bella degli Abati, died. My father,  Alighiero II, supported us by moneylending and renting of property. But soon, Brunetto Latini, had taken me in and raised me as his son. Throughout my life, I was properly educated in Classical and Christian literature, and at 12 years old, I was promised Gemma Donati as my wife, but I fell in love with Beatrice. However, I married Gemma. After Beatrice died, I began to devote myself to literature, and that is how I have created some of my best work.
     My most famous accomplishment, would have to be in my writing skills. Throughout my life, I have composed several pieces of literature that have become classics in the world of classic literature. One of these stories is entitled La Divina Commedia (Devine Comedy). The Devine Conedy  is an epic novel about Dante, and his journey through the three stages of death, Inferno, Purgatorio, and  Paradiso.  I plan for this peice of literature to be widely liked by everyone after I pass. 
     As I write this, you may be wondering why I am saying that I'm going to "go" soon. It is because Uguccione della Faggiuola, forced Florence to grant mercy on those who were exliled, like me. And when Uguccione della Faggiuola defeated Florence, those exiled were granted house arrest, as long as they vowed to never go to Florence again. I refused, and was sentenced to death, which is tommorow, but I was asked by Prince Guido Polenta to come to Venice. However, I managed to catch malaria, and the doctors say, I have a few days left. So, when I heard this news, I began to write this, for you to always remember the name Dante Alighieri.    

Chapter 15 notes

Section 1
1. The renaissance was a philisophical and an artistic movement.
2. It was marked by renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman literature and life.
3. Medievel scholars tried tried to bring everything in harmony with the Christian teachings.
4. Naturally, the renaissance started in Italy.
5. Over time, factors like trades that brought crusaders in contact with the Byzantine Empire, led to some Italians to rethink thoughts about art and philosophy.
6. Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, and Venice were mostly righ and educated.
7. In the early renaissance of the 1300's, Italian people went to the Greek's to learn more about about education.
8. People who specialized in these studies were humanists.
9. Some Christians turned to Jewish teachers to learn Hebrew.
10. Francesco Petrarch was one of the first humanists.
11. Niccolo Machiavelli wa a diplomat who desplaid less tension  between spiritual and earthly quests.
12. He could be considered a humanists.
13. Leonardo da Vinci had many talents, including an archetect, engineer, painter, scultpor, and scientist.
14. Michelangelo was a brilliant painter.
15. Rafeal became so popular in Florence that the pope hired him to beautify Venice.

Black History Month Feburary Bellringers

Booker T. Washington
1. Booker T. Washington was born into slavery in 1856, on April 5.
2. His mother married a slave, and they fled to West Virginia.
3. In 1872, he set out for Hampton Institute.
4. He graduated in 1876 and taught at rural schools for two years.
5. In 1879, he was invited to teach at Hampton Institute.
6. In his early years, he asked for education, but his fatehr never agreed to it unless he worked in the mines.

Muhammad Ali
1. He was born into January 17, 1942.
2. He was dedicated to his goals and beliefs.
3. He began boxing at 12, when his bike was stolen.
4. He won 100 out of 108 matched in high-school.
5. He competed in the 1960 Olympics.

Martin Luther King Jr.
1. Martin was born on Janurary 15, 1929.
2. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968.
3. As a child, be loved books and like to keep the around him.
4. He graduated from Morehouse College in 1948.
5. In 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Michael Jordan
1. He began his NBA carreer in 1985.
2. In 1991,1992, and 1993 he led the Bulls to the NBA Champianship.
3. He was the league MVP in 1991, and 1992.
4. He was played for the 1984 U.S. Olympic Team.
5. In 1996, he starred along with the Looney Tunes in Space Jam.

Colin Powell
1. He was the Secretary of State.
2. He was born in Harlem, on April 5, 1937.
3. In 1962, he married Alma Johnson.
4. In 1988, he replaced Carlucci as national secrutary advisor.
5. In 2000, President Bush nominated Powell to become the 65th Secretary of State.

Hariet Tubman
1. She died on March 10, 1913.
2. Helped start the underground railroad.
3. In 1820, she was born into slavery.
4. In 1849, she escaped from Pennsylvania by herself.
5. From 1851 to 1857, she lived in St. Catehrines.

Louis Armstrong
1. He was a jazz musician and entertainer.
2. He was born on July 4, 1900.
3. However, some research states that he could have been on August 4, 1901.
4. His father's name was Willie.
5. When he was five, he moved back in with his mother.

George Washington Carver
1. Created 60 products from the pecan Benjamin Bannek
2. Responsibility of his education was his hands
3.Sketched "Ycca Gloriosa" in 1893 amd won frist prize World's Columbian Exposition
4. In 1896 recieved unique offer to teach at Tuskegee Institution
5.Started his life as a slave.

Benjamin Bannek
1. Grew up in Maryland
2. His specially designed wheat prevented U.S. Troops from starving
3. Published an almanac that became best seller from Maryland to Kentucky
4. Was placed on planning committee to develop nationals capital
5. In 1880 Postal Service issued stamps to commemortate him
Harriat Tubman'

James Baldwin
1. He was a writer.
2. He was born August 2, 1924 in Harlem, New York.
3. At 18, he graduated from Dewitt Clinton High School.
4. By 1948, he concluded that the social tenor of the U.S. was stifling this creativity.
5. He returned to the U.S. after nine years of leaving the country.

Wilma Rudolph
1. She was an Olympic gold medalist runner.
2. She was the first American women to get three gold medals.
3. She died on November 12, 1994.
4. When she was twelve, she challenged all the boys to contests.
5. Once a wek, her mother drove her 45 miles to physical therapy.

Hank Aaron
1. He was a baseball player.
2. He was born on February 5, 1934.
3. In 1952, he was sent to the minor leauge.
4. He held the record for most home runs, until beaten by Babe Ruth.
5. He received 20,000 telegrams for a home run.

Fredrick Douglas
1. First African American leader of national stature.
2. His book was published in 1845.
3. The publication meant exlie for this slave.
4. He was sought out by John Brown in 1858.
5., In 1877, he was appointed by President Rutherfeord B Hays, to the post of U.S. Marshall.

James Booker
1. He was the son, and grandson, of two ministers, which played the piano.
2. He spent most of his time on the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
3. As a gift, his mother game him a saxophone when he was young.
4. In 1954, Booker made his recording debut.
5. Unfortunately, he had a long life of drug abuse and achohalism.

Alex Haley
1. Haley was born in Ithaca, New York, on August 11, 1921.
2. He was the oldest of three brothers and a sister.
3. At 15, he enrolled in Alcorn State College.
4. In 1939, he began his twenty year installment with the coast guard.
5. He first wrote as an editor in the Readers Digest.

Billie Holiday
1. She was an American, Jazz singer and song writer.
2. Her nickname was Lady Day.
3. Elanora Fagon was her real name.
4. She had problems with truancy while in school.
5. In 1943, Life magazine complemented Holiday on her work.

Barack Obama
1. He was the first African American President of the United States.
2. First, he was a senater at Illonois.
3. He defeated John McCain during the previous presidential run.
4. He is also the first president born in Hawaii.
5. His innauguration took place on January, 20, 2009.

Facts about technology

     There are 1,000,000 web pages avaliable. Digital Advertisement, is growing rapidly. Facebook, has mofre visitors than shows that have aired for twenty years. Wikepedia now features over 30 million articles. The average teen sens 27272 text mesasges a year. 93% of all adults have a cell phone. 17% of people have been disclepined for being on a social networking site at work.  90% of emails are spam. 351 babies wil be born in india at the start to end of the movie. We are preparing students for unexisting jobs. Many college majors didn't exist ten years ago. In 209, there were over oone million computer devices. 1out fo 8 people know eachother due to dating sites. 500000 people signed up for facebook today. At chicago schools, the number one request to make it better was to be allowed to use laptops and cell phones in class. 10 thousand laptops were supplied to cps schools. 90% of whiteboards are not used correctly. China willl soon become the number one english speaking country. 1 in four workers have been with their current job for less than a year, In myspace were a counrty, it would be the 5th largest in the world. The total population of  the planet is less than the amount of texts sent in a day, New information doubles every day. By 2013 a supercomuter will be built to outsmart humans.

Crusades

     During the 1000's the seliq turks, muslims from central asia, gained control of Palestine. It was known to the Christians as the Holy Land. The turks went on to attack Asia Minor, part of the byzantine. When they threatened Constantinople, the byzantine empire called pope Urban II in Rome for help. In 1095, Urban caled a meeting of church leaders and feudal lords. The met in Clermont France. He asked the lords to stop fighting amongst themselves and join in a war to win back the holy land. The wore the cross of Christ on their right shoulderor back and cry out God wills it, God wills it.
Thus, the crusades began, a series of military expeditions to regain the holy land. 10000 Europeans took up the cause. cruciata means marked with a cross. Some joined to save souls,some hoped to gain land and wealth in Palestineand southwesdt Asia, and some saw a chance for money.

     The first Crusade lasted from 1096 to 1099. French and Itailian lords led several armies of crusaders from Europe to Constantinopl. The Byzantine emporer was suspicious of them. After discussion, he allowed them to pass. Started long march to Palestine. Had few animals to carry supplies, so they had little suplies. The forged to Antinoch. Their main target was Jerusalem. Italian ships bbrought supplies. The Turks, were disunited and unable to prevent crusaders from surrounding a city. After many battles, the crusaders captured the city.

The capture brought much of the holy land under European rule. They set up four small states. They introduced the idea of European feudalism and subdivided the land into fiefs. The Christians and Muslims grew to respect eachotehr. Europeans began to ajust to customs. For 100 years Eurp Christians held onto Palestine.

Second Crusade- By 1146 the turks united their forcess. In 1147, the second crusade began. King louis the seventh of france and german king conrad the third led seperate armies across euro.

1187- third crusade began, saladin gained control of Jerusalem three Eruo rules fredrick barbossa king philip the second and king richard the first of england led seperate armies to 3rd crusade from 1189 to 1192. It failed, when barbossa drowned.

Fourth
 Pope innocent gathered French Nights for Fourth crusade. 1202, tehy left to venice. The Venitians Persuaaded the crusaders to attack Zadar, a christian city. 1204, raided Constantinople. because itt was a christian city, the crusaders were later excommunicated by Pope Innocent. Constantinople was ruled by by western europe for 60 years. Byzantine eventually gained rule of Constantinople, but never regained strength, but collapsed when the turks seized them in 1453.

1212, childrens crusade started.  Young people tried to take the holy land. Some of the children were sent home buy the pope, and some that made it to france were tricked into getting on a boad that would lead them to slavery.  Several thousand children were lost, mostly from Germany and France, on the journey.

For many years, Euro. crusaders tried to recapture the holy land. The crusades lsted until 1291, when the muslims captured the ciry of Acre, teh last christiain stronghold in the Holy Land. With Acre's fall, the crusades ended.

The goal of the crusades were to take the Holy land from the turks. All, but the first failed to reach the goal. By the end, the muslims controlled Palestine.

During the crusades, the choice weapon wass the crossbow. The weapon fired a short heavy arrow called a bolt with the pull of a trigger. It also required less skill than the original bow. It could penetrate chain mail and plate armor. They learned how to undermine walls and use catapults.

Weapon changed from bow to to catipults, and discovered gunpowder. Kings made taxes, and armies. \
Church got more powerful.

Italy became a great trade center. Ships from Italy brought crusaders to the holy land. The ships came back back loaded with food from south Asia. Euro. began to purchase the goods .

Vow of Silence

     Before the vow of silence, I had mixed feelings about how I was going to feel about it when we got to start it. Before we started, I thought to myself of how we were supposed to still work even though we couldn't talk to anyone. In the first few minutes, I'll admit, I didn't really see the part about it that was supposed to be fun, but as we went through it, I found that it was more fun to not be able to talk because it made it more of a challenge. And I'm teh type of person that likes being challenged, rather than easily coasting through things. And although, for the most part, it was challenging, I often found that it could also be fun and enjoyable. And some parts were also really easy, like the typing.
     If I had to take a whole day's worth of a vow of silence, it would be harder than it was today. Mostly, the hard part would be during lunch because most of my friends are there and we never stop talking. But in my other classes, it wouldn't be as hard because I never talk that much in them.
     During the vow of silence, I learned more than I expected. I learned that you need to be able to work as a team and cooperate. Also, I learned how challenging it would be if I couldn't talk to anyone. And there are a few neccesary skills that you should know in order to try it. First of all, you need to be able cooperate. Also, you need to have patient and be creative for the person to understand you. But overall, I thought that the challenge was fun and exciting, and I might want to try it again.

Notes
Bathing
1. People bathed once a month
2. People wore the same clothes day after day, they only had one outfit.
3. They used lavender flowers and mint in the water for cleaning.  These were used to keep teh fleas away because tehy had a lot of animals and straw in tehir houses.

Chairman
1. The word chairman comes from the Middle Ages where a house only had one chair, for the eclusive use of the man of hte family.

Sleeping
1. At night time people would pile onto a matress- a lump of straw on teh floor. The whole family slept in teh same bed (Mom, Dad, Sisters, Brothers). If an animal was friendly tehy may sleep in the bed to keep you warm of course.

Troubadours
1. Troubadours travled from town to town "singing for their supper"
2. His songs were often about love or the glory of kings.
3. Troubadours would strum a lute or a guitar.

Notes

Anglo Saxons were two german tribes combined together. They created Angeland, which is now England.
Shires- people who collected taxes, like sheriffs nowadays
Alfred the great was the first anglo saxon king, edward the confessor was the last anglo saxon king.
When edward died, he didn't have an heir, so harold godwenson, a brother in-law, and william the duke of normandy, who was his cousin, but willian was from normandy, france.
The battle of Hastings was one of the best battles ever. The battle was basically over before it started, and william one. So he was named william the conqueroer for his unanioumous victory. When he was king, he wanted to take quick actions.
1. He took the first census from ancient times. They came to house to keep track of household pop, and to tax the house. Compiled the info together, and they made the domesday book, nicknamed the doomsday book, because of the taxes.
2. When he died, he was succeeded by Herny I.
No one noticed Henry,
Henry II- When Henry II succedeed his dad, he immediately took action. His first law was that the church had to be accountable under the law. His best friend, Thomas Becket, however, didn't like the law. So Becket went to parliament to confront Henry II about the laws. The two got into a heated argument when Becket finally stormed out

When he died, John, his son succeeds him.
John- he is fiesty, he doesn't know how to lead, and when people made them mad, he went to war, To pay for the army, he taxed the 87%. So the people meet at Rummaneede. They came up with the Magna Carta, latin for great charter. He was forced to sign it.
Magna Carta was important becasue it was foundation for the US Constatuition.
Magna Carta- In 1215, powerful nobles came together to stop Henry II's tax prices. The made teh Magna Carta and forced him to sign it. It's purpose was to limit the king's powers. Freedom from teh article were spread to all citizens. It also provided citizens rights.

What Country I would Want To Visit

     If I could choose one country to visit, I would like to visit the UK. First of all, I would like to see all of the famous attractions, including the London Eye. It would be fun to go so high up to see all of the UK. I would also like to see the place where Harry Potter was filmed. These are the main reasons of why I would like to visit the UK.

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Lindsey- Bosnia1. Serbvian is the languange of Bosnia.
2. The population is about 4.2 million.
3. Bosnia has a rich literary system dating back many centuries ago.
4. Bosnia is mostly a democracy.
5. In Bosnian children stories, the main ideas of the stories are religious and related to life.

Shania- Peru
1. The most spoken language is spanish.
2. Peru's own accomplice is a classic literary story.
3. Carlosa is a famous childrens writer in Peru.
4. In Peru, a lot of children play a mix of sports, or other games like marbles.
5. Officials are elected in Peru's government.

Faith- Brazil
1. Brazil is the only south american country to not speak spanish.
2. Folk tales and nursery rhymes were first told by the indegious people.
3. Queimaba is a popular childrens gamem, like tag.
4. One fourth of Brazil's kids don't go to school.
5. The governement is a presidential representative democratic republic.

Caleb- Zimbabwe
1. The capitol of Zimbabwe is Hoarri.
2. In Zimbabwe, common languages are English and other, lesser known languages like Tonga.
3. Why does a crocodile have hard scaly skin is a name of a classic children story.
4. The national food is salsa.
5. In Zimbabwe, there are two levels of education, primary aand secondary.

Spain John
1. In the 15th century, Spain, was beginning to colonize America.
2. There is roughly 40 million people in Brazil.
3. Salvador Ali, is a famous writer.
4. Pio Peep is a famous childrens book.
5. Turron is a famous candy, made from almonds.

Hannah- Portugal
1. The population is 10,760,305.
2. Hernando Passoa is one of Brazil's famous authors.
3. Fly ladybug fly, is a classic Portugal tale, that is confusing.
4. The government is a parliamentary democracy.
5. A child on Christams would write to Jesus instead of santa.

Haley- Switzerland.
1. In 1291, the Swiss Confederacy was formed.
2. Most children go to public schools, but a lot also go to private schools.
3. The most common spoken language is Swedish.
4. Albert Stephen, was a famous poet, who wrote the "Death Expreiences of Man."
5. Ortez Lindburger is a politician in Switzerland.

Samantha- Morocco
1. The official language is Arabic.
2. The capitol is Rabbi.
3. The alphabet has 28 letters, all consonants.
4. The write, right to left, not left to right.
5. I have my daddy, I have my mommy, is a famous childrens literary work.

Madori- Germany
1. Other languages besides German, is Russian.
2. Eric Castle is a famous children book writer.
3. A popular game is when children put on oven mitts and try to cut and eat chocolate in a certain amount of time.
4. The current president is Christian Walt.
5. A traditional meal is fraggle, or fried potatoes, and cabbage, and creamy onion soup.

Krista- Barbados
1. One meal considered a delicacy is a dolphin.
2. The flag has a picture of a trident on it.
3. Barbados has a prime minister who leads the area.
4. Most of the nursery rhyhmes are just different versions of classic American stories.
5. When children are born, they are given a bucket and a shovel.

Kristen- Japan
1. Sushi, is a common meal, which can be served raw.
2. Japaneses is the main language spoken in Japan.
3. Mattsuo Bosho, is a famous author in Japan.
4. It is one of the most educated population of people.
5.The government is a constitutional monarchy, and they use prime ministers.

Tatylor- Fiji
1. Education in Fiji is highly expensive.
2. There is no native language for Fiji, however, most people speak English.
3. There are many childrens story in Fiji, mostly about happiness.
4. A custom in Fiji, is to not wear hats in the villiage, becasue its dissrespectful.
5. Jovvo is a huge feast in Fiji.

Raychel- Italy
1. The capitol city of Italy is Rome.
2. Leonardo Divinchi, is a famous person, and writer from Italy.
3. Famous books are cinderelle, and "uno, dos, tres, quatro."
4. The food is very traditional.
5. Befanda, delivers presents on January 5th.

Karlie- Eygpt
1. They only give flowers for weddings.
2. The preseident stepped down, so they are currently ruled by the military.
3. They speak Arabic, and have their own dialect for speaking.
4. One of the journalists in Egypt is named Omar.
5. Handshakes are a way to greet people.

Paige- Argentina
1  Iguazoo falls is a popular tourist attractions.
2. The official language is spanish.
3. There are few popular childrens books but one is named "The Magic Bean Tree."
4. Children play a lot of the same things we do, including sports like their most famous sport, soccer.
5. Most buisnesses close during lunch, so people can go home and eat.

Katara- France
1. France's flag has red, white, and blue stripes.
2. Ingrediants vary for diferent regions in France.
3. Victor Hugo wrote the Hunchback of Notre Dame.
4. American children stories mean the same thing in France.
5. They have toy libraries so you can check out whatever toy you want.

Gunnar- Thailand
1. The currency is the Baht.
2. Their government is a parliamentary government, in which it is ruled by a King.
3. They have three army branches, and one of the biggest armies in the world.
4. Education is free up to age seventeen.
5. The average IQ for someone in Thailand is 98, and they have one of the highest literary rates in the world. 

Dale- Panama
1. The population is 3,515,820.
2. They are mostly Roman Catholic.
3. The capitol is Panama City.
4. Childrens play with marbles, dolls, cars, etc...
5. The government is a Constitutional Republic.

Courtney- Scotland
1. The language is similar to English, but spelling and pronunciations are different.
2. Children play with the same things kids in America play with.
3. The government was created in 1999, and has remained the same.
4. The education is different from ours, becasue they get payed for school after 18.
5. Haggus is a common food.

Josh- United Kingom
1. The capitol city is London.
2. The most common language is English.
3. One of the most famous authors is J.K. Rowling, who wrote Harry Potter.
4. A popular sport is cricket, which is a mix of baseball, golf, and bowling.
5. Fish and chips is a common meal.

Viola- Ireland
1. The population is 4,481,000 people.
2. Mary Teresa Robinson is a recent leader.
3. The language is mostly Irish.
4. Irish literature became fully literate in the 15th century.
5. Letter, is a game commonly played, and it is like duck, duck, goose.

Gabbrielle- Bolivia
1. The population is 10,118,603.
2. Spanish is the most common language, but they speak about 30 different languages.
3. Humpty Dumpty is a famous nursery rhyme.
4. Most of the games are based on education.
5. Bolivia is a Republic.

Abby- Madagascar
1. The population is  24.1 million.
2. Malai, is a common language, along with English and French.
3. The Monkey is a classic nursery rhyme.
4. Roboka is a form of tag.
5. The cheif of state is the president of Madagascar.

Chase- Venezuala
1. The population is  27,635,743.
2. Spanish is the main language.
3. Jose, is a famous writer.
4. Traditional toys are marbles and tops.
5. Their government is a federal Republic.

Sara- Sweden
1. One or two days before Christmas, they put up their Christmas Tree.
2. Many famous authors came from Sweden.
3. Childrens literature is very important in Sweden.
4. Most kids play with marbles, dolls, etc...
5. They have a constitutional democracy, mixed with a parliamentary democracy.

Kelsea- El Saavdor
1. Children and elderly drink coffee, while teens drink soda.
2. A lot of people speak Spanish, but some stil speak their native language.
3. Poetry is the most common form of literature.
4. Most kids play with common American toys.
5. Traditional food is made with corn.